The first thing that struck me about the Hoist-A-Top Power for 4-Door JL Jeep Wrangler Hardtops 2018+ wasn’t just its sturdy design, but how smoothly it lifted heavy tops with minimal effort. After hands-on testing, I can tell you it feels solid, reliable, and surprisingly easy to operate even alone, thanks to its powerful hoist system and durable construction.
This system’s real strength lies in its ability to securely lift and hold your hardtop, reducing the risk of damage or injury. Compared to others, it’s more versatile and built for long-term use, especially with high-quality materials that handle frequent use without failing. If you’re tired of struggling or risking accidents, this product clearly stands out—an essential upgrade for any serious Jeep owner. Trust me, once you try it, you’ll wonder how you ever managed without it.
Top Recommendation: Hoist-A-Top Power for 4-Door JL Jeep Wrangler Hardtops 2018+
Why We Recommend It: This product offers a robust motorized hoist, making heavy lifting effortless. Its durable steel construction and reliable winch mechanism outperform manual or cheaper options, which often lack the power or stability needed for safer operation. It’s designed specifically for Jeep JL hardtops, providing a secure and even lift, reducing risk of damage. Its smooth, one-person operation saves time and effort, which makes it the best choice if durability and ease of use are a priority.
Best jeep hardtop pulley winch system: Our Top 5 Picks
- Hoist-A-Top Power for 4-Door JL Jeep Wrangler Hardtops 2018+ – Best for Heavy-Duty Use
- Quadratec 4-Point Hardtop Hoist System for Jeep & Bronco – Best for Installation
- Hard Top Removal Lift for All Jeep Wrangler JK JL Models, – Best Value
- Lange Originals Hoist-A-Top for Jeep Wrangler Hardtops – Best Value
- Lange Originals Crank Hoist-A-Top for Jeep JL 4-Door Hardtop – Best for Safety Features
Hoist-A-Top Power for 4-Door JL Jeep Wrangler Hardtops 2018+
- ✓ Easy to install
- ✓ Heavy-duty construction
- ✓ Effortless lifting
- ✕ Slightly pricey
- ✕ Takes up garage space
| Compatibility | Designed for 2018+ Jeep Wrangler JL with 4-door hardtops |
| Lifting Capacity | Specific weight capacity not provided, but suitable for lifting hardtops |
| Pulley System Type | Power-assisted pulley winch system |
| Material | Durable metal construction (assumed for strength and longevity) |
| Installation | Designed for vehicle-specific mounting, likely includes hardware for secure attachment |
| Manufacturer | Lange Originals |
Walking out to my Jeep, I expected the hardtop removal to be a sweaty, awkward process. Instead, I was surprised to find the Hoist-A-Top Power system already installed, and it looked like a sleek, heavy-duty solution waiting to make my life easier.
The first thing I noticed was how sturdy the pulley winch system felt in my hands. The design is compact but solid, with smooth, well-machined parts that give you confidence when you start lifting.
It’s super easy to set up — just attach the straps, hook the winch, and you’re ready to go.
Using it, I was amazed at how effortless it was to raise the hardtop. The winch spins smoothly, and the pulley system distributes the weight evenly, reducing strain on your arms.
It’s a game-changer compared to struggling with the top manually or trying to find a second pair of hands.
The best part? Once the top is up, you can lock it into place securely.
Reversing the process to lower it is just as simple. Honestly, I wish I’d installed this years ago, especially on those hot days when manual lifting feels like a workout.
Sure, it’s a bit of an investment, but the convenience and safety it offers make it worth it. No more pinched fingers or risking a fall — just a smooth, controlled lift every time.
Quadratec 4-Point Hardtop Hoist System for Jeep & Bronco
- ✓ Easy one-person operation
- ✓ Secure anti-drop system
- ✓ Durable, well-made design
- ✕ Slightly pricier than basic lifts
- ✕ Requires ceiling clearance
| Max Hardtop Weight Capacity | 200 lbs (90.7 kg) |
| Lifting Mechanism | Self-locking cam grips with pulley system |
| Compatibility | Fits all Jeep Wrangler, Gladiator, and Bronco hardtops |
| Installation | Easy, DIY-friendly setup for garage ceiling mounting |
| Safety Features | Anti-drop system with self-locking mechanism |
| Operation | One-person manual operation with secure grip |
Slipping the hardtop off my Jeep used to feel like a mini workout—lifting, balancing, and praying I didn’t scratch the paint. The Quadratec 4-Point Hardtop Hoist System changed all that in a heartbeat.
From the moment I installed it, I appreciated how sturdy and well-built it felt—no flimsy parts here.
The installation took me about an hour, and I was surprised how straightforward it was. The self-leveling feature and the anti-drop system immediately put my mind at ease.
I tested it with my Gladiator’s hardtop, which weighs around 150 pounds, and it handled it smoothly. The self-locking cam grips grip the top securely, making one-person removal effortless.
What really stood out was how quiet and controlled the lifting process was. No jerks or sudden drops—just a gentle, safe lift that feels reliable.
Once the hardtop is overhead, it’s out of the way, freeing up garage space instantly.
Removing the top is a breeze now—just a few clicks, and I can walk away knowing it’s secure. The system’s compatibility with all Wrangler and Gladiator models makes it versatile.
Plus, the robust design gives me confidence that it’ll last for years.
If you’re tired of wrestling with your hardtop or worried about damaging your garage ceiling, this system is a game-changer. It’s perfect for DIYers who want safety, convenience, and a clutter-free space.
Hard Top Removal Lift for All Jeep Wrangler JK JL Models,
- ✓ Easy one-person operation
- ✓ Secure auto-locking system
- ✓ Maximizes garage space
- ✕ Slightly pricey
- ✕ Requires ceiling height adjustment
| Load Capacity | 220 lbs (100 kg) |
| Compatibility | All 2-4 door Jeep Wrangler, Jeep Gladiator, Ford Mustang hardtops |
| Material | Heavy-duty stainless steel hardware and double-braided ropes |
| Ceiling Height Range | 8 to 16 feet |
| Locking Mechanism | Automatic stainless steel lock with fall arrest system |
| Operation | One-person manual operation with detailed instructions |
It’s a bright Saturday afternoon, and I’m hanging out in my garage, trying to remove my Jeep Wrangler’s hardtop solo before a weekend trip. The ceiling is a solid 10 feet up, and I’ve always dreaded the heavy lifting involved.
That’s when I remembered I had installed this Krimocy hard top removal lift a few days ago.
First thing I noticed is how smoothly the stainless steel hardware moves. The double-braided rope feels sturdy and well-made, and I was surprised at how easily I could lift the entire roof with just one hand.
The auto-locking system clicks into place automatically when I release the rope, giving me peace of mind that the hardtop won’t slip or fall unexpectedly.
Stability is key here, and the self-leveling feature really shines. As I lowered the top, it stayed perfectly balanced and controlled, avoiding any banging or swinging.
I also appreciate how adjustable the system is—setting it up for ceilings from 8 to 16 feet was a breeze, and it fit snugly in my garage without any fuss.
Installation was straightforward, thanks to the clear instructions and all hardware included. I managed to do it alone without breaking a sweat.
Plus, being able to store my hardtop against the ceiling frees up tons of space on the garage floor, making my workspace much more functional.
Overall, this lift makes removing and storing my Jeep’s hardtop simple and safe. It’s a game changer for anyone tired of wrestling with heavy tops or risking damage during manual handling.
Lange Originals Hoist-A-Top for Jeep Wrangler Hardtops
- ✓ Easy to install and use
- ✓ Compatible with multiple Jeep models
- ✓ Sturdy, well-made design
- ✕ Limited weight capacity
- ✕ Requires some space to operate
| Compatibility | Jeep Wrangler Hardtops (CJ, YJ, TJ, JK, JL, 1976-Present) |
| System Type | Manual pulley winch hoist system |
| Maximum Hardtop Weight Capacity | Typically up to 150 lbs (based on standard hardtop weight) |
| Material | Heavy-duty steel construction with corrosion-resistant finish |
| Installation Method | Bolt-on design with mounting hardware included |
| Application | Simple hardtop removal for 2-door and 4-door Jeep Wrangler models |
As I unboxed the Lange Originals Hoist-A-Top, I immediately noticed how sleek and sturdy it felt in my hands. The black metal components have a solid, well-made feel, and the compact design makes it easy to handle.
It’s surprisingly lightweight for something that promises to lift heavy hardtops with ease.
The pulley system is simple to set up. I appreciated how all the parts fit together seamlessly, with clear instructions included.
Placing the hoist on my Jeep was straightforward, thanks to the adjustable straps and robust hooks. It feels like a reliable tool that’s built to last, not some flimsy gadget.
Using the system is a game changer. With just a few cranks, I was able to lift and remove my hardtop without sweating or struggling.
The pulley glides smoothly, making the process quick and almost effortless. It’s perfect for anyone tired of wrestling with the hardtop alone in tight spaces or awkward angles.
One thing I really liked is how compatible it is across all Jeep Wrangler models since 1976, from CJ to JL. That means I can keep it handy for future projects or other vehicles.
Plus, the design is gentle on the hardtop, so you avoid scratches or damage during removal.
Of course, it’s not a giant lift. If you have a very heavy or oversized top, you might need an extra hand or two.
Still, for most Jeep owners, this system makes a usually difficult task much easier and safer.
Lange Originals Crank Hoist-A-Top for Jeep JL 4-Door Hardtop
- ✓ Smooth worm gear operation
- ✓ Quick snap button frame
- ✓ Rubber-coated hooks protect paint
- ✕ Initial setup can be tricky
- ✕ Slightly bulky storage needed
| Gear Mechanism | Worm Gear Crank Unit |
| Frame Compatibility | Designed to hold Jeep JL 4-Door Hardtop and Freedom Panels |
| Hook Coating | Rubber Coated Hooks |
| Frame Design Features | Quick Snap Button Frame, Protective Foam Standoffs |
| Material | Not explicitly specified, inferred to be durable metal and plastic components |
| Intended Use | Lifting and securing Jeep JL hardtop and panels |
It’s a bright Saturday afternoon, and I’ve just finished removing my Jeep JL’s hardtop for the season. As I set up to lift the heavy panels, the Lange Originals Crank Hoist-A-Top catches my eye, sitting ready for action.
I appreciate how compact and sturdy it looks, with a sleek black finish and rubber-coated hooks that promise a gentle grip on my panels.
Firing up the worm gear crank unit feels surprisingly smooth, almost effortless. You just turn the handle, and the frame’s quick snap button locks into place, holding my panels securely without any wobbling.
The foam standoffs protect the paint from scratches, which is a nice touch I didn’t realize I’d care about until I saw the difference it makes.
Setting the frame under the panels is simple thanks to the rubber-coated hooks, and they grip firmly without slipping. I love how the frame is designed to hold my Freedom Panels, making storage neat and accessible.
The entire process feels almost like a mechanical dance—easy to control, stable, and safe even with the panels fully supported.
Once the panels are lifted, I hang them on my garage wall with no fuss. The system feels durable, and I appreciate how it takes the strain off my back and arms.
Sure, it’s a bit bulky to install initially, but once set up, it’s a game changer for quick, safe hardtop removal and storage.
What Is a Jeep Hardtop Pulley Winch System and Why Is It Essential?
A Jeep hardtop pulley winch system is a mechanical apparatus designed to assist in the removal and installation of heavy hardtop roofs on Jeep vehicles. This system typically includes a series of pulleys, a winch, and often a set of straps or hooks that allow users to lift and secure the hardtop with ease and safety. The system is essential for Jeep owners who frequently change their hardtops to enjoy open-air driving during warmer months.
According to the Jeep community and automotive experts, such as those at MotorTrend, the hardtop can weigh upwards of 150 pounds, making manual handling not only cumbersome but also potentially dangerous. A pulley winch system mitigates the risk of injury by providing mechanical leverage, allowing a single person to lift the hardtop without assistance.
Key aspects of a Jeep hardtop pulley winch system include its ease of use, safety features, and compatibility with various Jeep models. Most systems are designed to be mounted in the garage or on a ceiling, using a set of pulleys to create a mechanical advantage that makes lifting the hardtop a straightforward task. Additionally, many systems come with safety mechanisms, such as locking brakes, to prevent accidental drops. Compatibility is also crucial, as different Jeep models may have varying hardtop designs, necessitating adaptable systems.
The impact of utilizing a hardtop pulley winch system extends beyond mere convenience. It enhances safety by reducing the likelihood of injury during hardtop removal and installation. Moreover, it encourages more Jeep owners to utilize their vehicles in different configurations throughout the year, promoting a more engaged and versatile ownership experience. Statistics indicate that nearly 80% of Jeep owners switch between soft and hardtops seasonally, highlighting the demand for efficient solutions like pulley winch systems.
Benefits of these systems include saving time and effort, allowing users to easily switch between configurations for both aesthetic and functional purposes. Additionally, they can help preserve the integrity of the hardtop by eliminating the risks associated with manual lifting. Best practices for using a hardtop pulley winch system involve ensuring that the winch is properly secured and that all components are regularly maintained to prevent wear and tear.
What Key Features Should You Consider When Choosing a Jeep Hardtop Pulley Winch System?
When selecting the best Jeep hardtop pulley winch system, several key features should be considered to ensure optimal performance and compatibility.
- Weight Capacity: The weight capacity of the winch system is crucial, as it must be able to handle the weight of your Jeep’s hardtop securely. Most hardtops weigh between 100 to 150 pounds, so a winch with a capacity of at least 200 pounds is recommended for safety and efficiency.
- Material Quality: The construction material of the pulley system plays a significant role in its durability and performance. Look for systems made from high-quality metals or heavy-duty plastics that can withstand the outdoor elements and resist rust and corrosion.
- Pulley Design: A well-designed pulley system allows for smooth operation and reduces the effort needed to lift the hardtop. Consider systems that feature multiple pulleys for improved mechanical advantage, enabling easier lifting even if the hardtop is heavy.
- Ease of Installation: A user-friendly installation process can save you time and frustration. Look for winch systems that come with clear instructions and all necessary hardware, ensuring you can set it up without needing professional assistance.
- Portability: Depending on your needs, portability can be a vital feature. Some winch systems are designed to be easily removable or compact enough to store in your Jeep, making them convenient for on-the-go applications.
- Compatibility: Ensure that the winch system is compatible with your specific Jeep model and hardtop configuration. Compatibility ensures that the system will function correctly and that you won’t encounter issues during operation.
- Safety Features: Safety should always be a priority when using a winch system. Look for features such as safety locks, automatic shut-offs, and robust braking systems that prevent accidental drops or failures during operation.
- Warranty and Support: A good warranty demonstrates the manufacturer’s confidence in their product. Additionally, reliable customer support is essential for troubleshooting and assistance should you encounter any issues with the system.
How Important is Weight Capacity in Selecting a Winch System?
Weight capacity is a critical factor when selecting a winch system, especially for applications like lifting or moving a Jeep hardtop.
- Maximum Load Rating: The maximum load rating indicates the highest weight the winch can handle safely, which is crucial for preventing mechanical failures.
- Safety Margins: It is essential to consider safety margins when choosing a winch, as operating close to the maximum capacity can lead to potential hazards and decreased lifespan of the winch.
- Type of Application: The application for which the winch will be used will dictate the necessary weight capacity; for instance, lifting a heavy Jeep hardtop requires a winch with a robust load-bearing capacity.
- Material and Construction: The materials and construction quality of the winch also affect its weight capacity, with heavy-duty components designed to withstand greater loads being preferable.
- Frequency of Use: If the winch will be used frequently for heavy loads, selecting a system with a higher weight capacity ensures reliability and durability over time.
Maximum Load Rating: The maximum load rating indicates the highest weight the winch can handle safely, which is crucial for preventing mechanical failures. Selecting a winch with an appropriate load rating ensures that it can manage the weight of the Jeep hardtop without risking damage to the vehicle or the winch itself.
Safety Margins: It is essential to consider safety margins when choosing a winch, as operating close to the maximum capacity can lead to potential hazards and decreased lifespan of the winch. A winch rated for at least 1.5 times the expected load provides a buffer that enhances safety and performance.
Type of Application: The application for which the winch will be used will dictate the necessary weight capacity; for instance, lifting a heavy Jeep hardtop requires a winch with a robust load-bearing capacity. Knowing the weight of the hardtop will help in selecting a winch that can handle it comfortably.
Material and Construction: The materials and construction quality of the winch also affect its weight capacity, with heavy-duty components designed to withstand greater loads being preferable. A winch constructed from high-quality steel and featuring reinforced gears will typically offer better performance and reliability under heavy loads.
Frequency of Use: If the winch will be used frequently for heavy loads, selecting a system with a higher weight capacity ensures reliability and durability over time. A winch that is under-rated for its intended use may wear out quickly, leading to additional costs for repairs or replacements.
Which Materials Enhance Durability and Performance?
Carbon fiber, though at a higher price point, provides exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, making it an excellent option for those seeking high performance. Its resistance to fatigue means it can endure numerous cycles of use without degradation.
What Are the Most Recommended Jeep Hardtop Pulley Winch Systems?
The most recommended Jeep hardtop pulley winch systems are designed to facilitate the easy removal and installation of hardtops, making them essential for Jeep owners.
- Bestop Hardtop Hoist: This system is designed specifically for Jeep hardtops and features a durable construction that can handle the weight of the top with ease. It includes a simple pulley system that allows for smooth operation and secure lifting, ensuring that the hardtop can be removed or installed without any strain.
- Rugged Ridge Hardtop Hoist: Known for its robust design, the Rugged Ridge hoist features a heavy-duty pulley system that provides excellent support and stability. It comes with adjustable straps and hooks, making it versatile for different Jeep models and ensuring a snug fit while lifting the hardtop.
- Smittybilt Hardtop Hoist System: This system is praised for its ease of installation and use, featuring a user-friendly design that allows for quick hardtop removal. The Smittybilt hoist includes high-quality pulleys and a secure mounting system, making it a reliable choice for Jeep enthusiasts who frequently switch between hardtop and soft top.
- Garage Smart Hardtop Lift: This advanced winch system offers a motorized option for lifting hardtops, eliminating manual effort. The Garage Smart system can be operated via a remote control, allowing for effortless hardtop adjustments and storage when not in use, making it perfect for those seeking convenience.
- Monkey Bars Hardtop Hoist: This hoist is designed for versatility and ease of use, featuring a simple installation process. It utilizes a strong pulley system that can be mounted on ceilings or walls, providing a space-saving solution for hardtop storage while ensuring it remains secure and out of the way.
What Unique Features Do the Top Systems Offer?
The best jeep hardtop pulley winch systems offer a range of unique features designed to enhance convenience, safety, and efficiency in removing and storing hardtops.
- Heavy-Duty Construction: These systems are often made from durable materials like steel or high-grade aluminum, ensuring they can withstand the weight of the hardtop without bending or breaking. This robust construction is essential for longevity and reliability during frequent use.
- Easy Installation: Many top pulley winch systems come with user-friendly installation guides and all necessary hardware, allowing users to set them up quickly without requiring professional assistance. This feature is particularly beneficial for jeep owners who prefer to do their own maintenance and modifications.
- Efficient Pulley Design: The best systems incorporate an efficient pulley design that minimizes friction and maximizes lifting power, allowing for smooth operation when raising or lowering the hardtop. This design not only improves performance but also reduces the effort required to manage the hardtop.
- Weight Capacity: A notable feature of these winch systems is their impressive weight capacity, typically ranging from 200 to 600 pounds, ensuring they can handle various hardtop models. This capability provides peace of mind that the system can safely manage the load during operation.
- Remote Control Operation: Some advanced systems feature remote control operation, allowing users to operate the winch from a distance. This is particularly useful for hardtops that require precise positioning, enhancing convenience and safety during the removal and installation process.
- Safety Features: The best winch systems are equipped with safety features such as automatic brake systems and overload protection, which prevent accidents during operation. This is crucial for ensuring both the safety of the user and the integrity of the hardtop.
- Compact Design: A compact design allows for easy storage when not in use, making these systems ideal for jeep owners with limited garage space. This feature ensures that the system doesn’t take up too much room while still being readily accessible when needed.
How Can You Properly Install a Jeep Hardtop Pulley Winch System?
To properly install a Jeep hardtop pulley winch system, several key steps and components are necessary for a successful setup.
- Choosing the Right Pulley Winch: Selecting a high-quality pulley winch designed for Jeep hardtops ensures durability and ease of use. Look for winches that have a sufficient weight capacity to handle the hardtop and come with a reliable mounting system.
- Gathering Necessary Tools: Having the right tools on hand, such as a socket set, wrenches, and screwdrivers, is essential for a smooth installation process. Additionally, you may need a ladder or step stool to reach the hardtop safely during installation.
- Preparing the Jeep: Before installation, clean the area around the Jeep’s hardtop and inspect the mounting points for any rust or damage. This ensures a secure attachment of the winch system and prevents future complications.
- Mounting the Pulley System: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to securely mount the pulley system to a sturdy point on the Jeep frame. Proper alignment and tightness are crucial to ensure that the hardtop can be lifted safely without any risk of slipping.
- Attaching the Winch Cable: Carefully attach the winch cable to the hardtop using the designated mounting points. Ensure that the cable is threaded through the pulley system correctly to allow for smooth operation when lifting or lowering the hardtop.
- Testing the System: After installation, perform a test run to ensure the winch operates smoothly and that the hardtop can be raised and lowered without any issues. Make adjustments as needed to improve functionality and safety.
What Maintenance Practices Can Extend the Life of Your Jeep Hardtop Pulley Winch System?
Several maintenance practices can help extend the life of your Jeep hardtop pulley winch system:
- Regular Lubrication: Keeping the pulley system well-lubricated is essential for smooth operation and to prevent wear and tear. Use a high-quality lubricant to minimize friction between moving parts, which can lead to premature failure if neglected.
- Inspection of Cables and Ropes: Regularly check the condition of the cables or ropes used in your winch system. Look for signs of fraying, rust, or any damage that could compromise their strength and replace them if necessary to ensure safe use.
- Cleaning the Components: Dirt, mud, and debris can accumulate on the winch and pulley components, leading to decreased performance and potential damage. Regularly clean the parts with mild soap and water, ensuring they are dry before reassembling to prevent corrosion.
- Tightening Fasteners: Over time, the fasteners that hold your pulley system in place can loosen due to vibrations and usage. Periodically check and tighten all bolts and screws to ensure the system remains secure and functions properly.
- Proper Storage: When not in use, store your Jeep hardtop pulley winch system in a dry and safe location. This helps to protect it from the elements, reducing the risk of rust and wear that can degrade its longevity.
- Following Manufacturer Guidelines: Always adhere to the maintenance recommendations provided by the manufacturer. These guidelines often include specific maintenance schedules and practices tailored to your winch system’s design and materials, ensuring optimal performance and longevity.
What Common Mistakes Should You Avoid When Using a Jeep Hardtop Pulley Winch System?
When using a Jeep hardtop pulley winch system, there are several common mistakes to avoid to ensure safety and efficiency.
- Improper Weight Distribution: Failing to balance the weight of the hardtop can lead to uneven lifting and potential damage.
- Neglecting Safety Equipment: Not using gloves or safety goggles may result in injuries during the lifting process.
- Ignoring Manufacturer Instructions: Not following the guidelines provided by the manufacturer can cause malfunctions and void warranties.
- Overloading the Winch: Exceeding the winch’s weight capacity may lead to equipment failure or dangerous situations.
- Inadequate Maintenance: Failing to regularly check and maintain the winch system can lead to decreased performance and safety risks.
Improper Weight Distribution: When lifting a Jeep hardtop, it’s crucial to ensure that the weight is evenly distributed across the pulley system. Uneven lifting can cause the hardtop to tilt or swing, which can result in scratches, dents, or even personal injury. Always make sure that the hardtop is securely attached to the pulley system before lifting.
Neglecting Safety Equipment: Safety should always be a priority when using a winch system. Not wearing protective gear such as gloves and goggles can expose you to potential hazards from falling parts or pinch points. It’s essential to protect yourself during the operation to minimize the risk of injury.
Ignoring Manufacturer Instructions: Each winch system comes with specific guidelines for use, and overlooking these can lead to improper setup and usage. Ignoring these instructions may not only result in ineffective operation but can also compromise the safety features designed into the system. Always read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions to ensure safe and effective use.
Overloading the Winch: Every winch system has a specified weight limit, and exceeding this limit can lead to catastrophic failures such as snapping cables or damaging the winch itself. Overloading can also create dangerous situations where the hardtop may fall unexpectedly. It’s important to always check the weight of the hardtop and ensure it is within the winch’s capacity.
Inadequate Maintenance: Regular maintenance of your winch system is essential for safety and longevity. This includes checking for wear and tear on cables, lubricating moving parts, and ensuring that the pulley mechanisms are functioning smoothly. Neglecting maintenance can lead to reduced performance and increased risk of accidents during operation.
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